Experiment

Space Environment Data Acquisition equipment-Attached Payload (SEDA-AP)

General Description - Instrument screen in space - Measures space environment in ISS orbit

Overview of SEDA-AP

SEDA-AP was measure space environment (neutrons, plasma, heavy ions, high-energy light particles, atomic oxygen, and cosmic dust) in ISS orbit and environmental effects on materials and electronic devices to investigate the interaction with and from the space environment at the Kibo exposed facility.
At the same time, it is also expected to conduct on-orbit verification of APBUS (Attached Payload BUS) technology, which furnishes necessary functions when mounted on the Kibo exposed facility.

In future space activities, it is very important that space environmental data about space radiation degradation of space parts & materials and space craft anomalies are acquired for space craft design and manned space activity.
Various space environmental data acquired by SEDA-AP will be utilized as fundamental data for space equipment design. In addition, it is also expected to be used for related scientific research, ISS operation, and space weather forecasting.

APBUS components - Necessities for KIBO exposed facility utilization - APBUS

SEDA-AP is equipped with APBUS (APBUS is a generic term of each component or subsystem) that enables various interfaces with the Kibo exposed facility and is also expected to conduct on-orbit verification of APBUS technology.

Mission Operation Outline - 3 years on-orbit environment measurement and samples return

1. SEDA-AP was launched on Space Shuttle STS-127 (2J/A) and installed on the Kibo exposed facility.
   After the extendable mast deployed each sensor or measurement instrument began experiments. Extendable mast, on which NEM sensor and PLAM sensor are mounted, extends over 1m from main structual body of SEDA-AP.
2. The on-orbit experiment (observation and data acquisition) by each sensor or measurement instrument will be conducted simultaneously and continuously for approximately 3 years (Original plan).
3. After nearly 3 years of observation experiments, sample part of MPAC&SEED mounted on SEDA-AP's surface will be retrieved by EVA crew and be returned to the ground by Space Shuttle (Original plan).

Overview of SEDA / Sensors - Data acquisition of various space environment

NEM: Neutron Monitor

Neutron is very harmful radiation because of its strong permeability due to its electrical neutrality. The Neutron Monitor measures thermal neutron to 100MeV neutron by Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (15MeV or less) and Scintillation Fiber Detector (15MeV to 100MeV) in realtime.

Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND)

BBND discriminates neutron from other charged particles by using the following characteristic(*) of ³He gas sealed counters which have extremely high sensitivity to thermal neutron and measures energy spectrum of neutron by using relative response which corresponds to different polyethylene moderator's thickness (6 pcs)
(*)Characteristic of ³He gas sealed counters
Output wave height distribution by neutron is different from that by other radiation rays such as proton and photon etc.

Scintillation Fiber Detector (FIB)

Scintillation Fiber Detector is assembled by mutually-perpendicular scintillation sticks (16x16). It measures tracks of recoil proton from each lot by multi anode photomal and estimates energy and incident direction of neutron by its amount of light emission and tracks.
Discriminating neutron from proton can be achieved by taking anti-coincidence with light emission from scintillator at outermost layer. (charged particles will emit light at outermost scintillator) Discriminating neutron from photon can be achieved by the difference of tracks. (neutron: 1 track, photon: 2 tracks)

HIT: Heavy Ion Telescope

The Heavy Ion Telescope (HIT) measures energy distribution of heavy ions (Li - Fe), which cause single event anomaly and damage of electronic device, by Solid State Detector.
Incident charged particles coming into 2 PSDs and 16 SSDs produce pulses with electric potential that is in proportion to the dissipative energy of incident particles. HIT utilizes this principle. It measures dissipative energy (delta E) in each detector and also measures the total energy (E) for the particles that stopped in the detectors. It discriminates particles from obtained energy and dissipative energy in each detector by delta ExE method.

PLAM: Plasma Monitor

The Plasma Monitor (PLAM) measures the density and electron temperature of space plasma, which cause charge and discharge of spacecraft, by Langmuir probe.
Metal sphere is used as a probe of PLAM sensor. It measures the density and temperature of electron by analyzing current-voltage characteristic obtained after applying variable voltage to the probe and it also measures plasma potential by floating probe.

SDOM: Standard Dose Monitor

The Standard Dose Monitor (SDOM) measures energy distribution of high energy light particles such as electrons, protons, and alpha ray etc., which cause single event anomaly and damage of electronic device, by 3 Solid State Detector and scintillator.
Energy of incident particles will be measured by 3 SSDs and in case that the energy penetrates those SSDs, that energy will be measured by scintillator behind the SSDs.

Discriminating particles is to be achieved by delta ExE method using combination of wave height from each detector.

AOM: Atomic Oxygen Monitor

The Atomic Oxygen Monitor measures the amount of atomic oxygen in ISS orbit. Since atomic oxygen is very active, it interacts with the thermal control materials and the paints, and then makes their thermal control ability worse.
The thickness of thin carbon film will be decreased due to erosion by atomic oxygen. The change in the thickness is calculated as resistance value. Integration flux of atomic oxygen is to be measured by preparing the table showing the relation between the change in resistance value and integration flux of atomic oxygen in advance.

EDEE: Electronic Device Evaluation Equipment

EDEE collects the data of electronic parts about Single Event Effects (SEEs) caused by radiation in the space.
V70-MPU, 1M SRAM and Power MOSFET are selected because those have sensitivity for SEEs, and are important for the JEM system. For V70-MPU and 1M SRAM, Single Event Upset (SEU) and Single Event Latchup (SEL) are expected to happen. Power MOSFET is for SEB (Single Event Burnout). SEE is induced by the radiation entering the electronic parts.
EDEE detects SEU,SEL and SEB by monitoring the storage data inversion, the power supply current, and the electric charge, respectively. The results can contribute to improve the accuracy of the prediction how a part will behave in the space by the ground radiation test. Furthermore, the data will be used in order to find the causes if the problem were detected on JEM system.

MPAC&SEED: Micro-Particles Capture and Space Environment Exposure Device

The Micro-Particles Capture (MPAC) is a device for capturing micro-particles (space debris and micrometeoroids) that exist at the ISS orbit. Post-retrieval analysis will enable particle size, composition, collision velocity, etc., of captured particles to be estimated.
MPAC consists of two materials; silica aerogel and a golden plate. The former will allow us to determine particle impact directions and velocities from tracks left in the material. Chemical analysis of impactor residues will then yield particle composition. The golden plate will provide a means for measuring particle fluxes, and estimating impact velocities by analyzing craters in the material.
The Space Environment Exposure Device (SEED) exposes materials for space use (thermal control materials, solid lubricants, etc.) to the space environment. After retrieval, we will analyze the degradation of these materials due to the space environment - namely radiation, ultraviolet rays, and atomic oxygen - as well as examine changes unique to each material. SEDA-AP's MPAC&SEED sample was returned to Earth on STS-131.

Basic Specification

Item		Specification
Major element	Dimensions	Mast stowed: W800 x H1000 x L1850 mm Mast extended: W800 x H1000 x L2853 mm
	Weight	Approx. 450 kg
	Power consumption	Approx. 220 W (Nominal operation)
	Extension capability	NEM Sensor extends over 1 m from structural body
Specifications of SEDA / Sensors	NEM	Bonner Ball Neutron Detector (BBND) Measuring energy range: 0.025 eV (thermal neutron) to 15 MeV Maximum number of particles measurable: 1 x 104 count/sec Scintillation Fiber Detector (FIB) Measuring energy range: 15 MeV to 100 MeV Maximum number of particles measurable: 50 event/sec
	HIT/PLAM	Heavy Ion Telescope (HIT) Li: 10 to 43 MeV/nuc C: 16 to 68 MeV/nuc O: 18 to 81 MeV/nuc Si: 25 to 111 MeV/nuc Fe: 34 to 152 MeV/nuc Plasma Monitor (PLAM) Langmuir probe mode: High Gain -0.2 µA to +2 µA Low Gain -0.04 mA to +0.4 mA Floating probe mode: High Gain ±5 V Low Gain ±100 V
	SDOM	Electron: 0.5-21 MeV (7 ch) Proton: 1.0-200 MeV (15 ch) Alpha: 7.0-200 MeV (6 ch) Heavy Ion: ID only (1 ch)
	AOM	Measuring range: 3 x 1017 to 3 x 1021 atoms/cm2 Resolution: 3 x 10 17 atoms/cm2
	EDEE	3 devices: Memory (1MSRAM) Microprocessor Unit (V70-MPU) Power MOSFET
	MPAC&SEED	Micro-particle capture: Silica-aerogel (34 mm x 34 mm x9 pcs) Golden plate (119 mm x 60 mm x2 pcs 76 mm x 25.5 mm x1 pcs) SEED onboard sample: Scheduled to be selected by launch

Major composition of SEDA-AP

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Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment - Attached Payload (SEDA-AP) discarded from ISS (January 22, 2019)